UUID v7生成器

function generateUuidV7() {
  const buf = new Uint8Array(16)
  crypto.getRandomValues(buf)

  const ms = BigInt(Date.now())

  // Embed 48-bit Unix ms timestamp
  buf[0] = Number((ms >> 40n) & 0xFFn)
  buf[1] = Number((ms >> 32n) & 0xFFn)
  buf[2] = Number((ms >> 24n) & 0xFFn)
  buf[3] = Number((ms >> 16n) & 0xFFn)
  buf[4] = Number((ms >> 8n)  & 0xFFn)
  buf[5] = Number(ms & 0xFFn)

  // Set version 7 (0111xxxx)
  buf[6] = (buf[6] & 0x0F) | 0x70

  // Set variant (10xxxxxx)
  buf[8] = (buf[8] & 0x3F) | 0x80

  const hex = [...buf].map(b => b.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('')
  return `${hex.slice(0,8)}-${hex.slice(8,12)}-${hex.slice(12,16)}-${hex.slice(16,20)}-${hex.slice(20)}`
}

// Node.js 20+ built-in
// import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto'  // v4 only — no v7 yet in stdlib

# pip install uuid7
import uuid_extensions

uid = uuid_extensions.uuid7()
print(uid)                       # e.g. 018e2b3d-1a2b-7000-8000-abc123456789
print(uid.time)                  # Unix ms timestamp embedded in the UUID

# Or as a plain string
from uuid_extensions import uuid7str
print(uuid7str())

-- PostgreSQL 13+ extension-free implementation
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION uuid_generate_v7()
RETURNS uuid
LANGUAGE sql
AS $$
  SELECT encode(
    set_bit(
      set_bit(
        overlay(
          uuid_send(gen_random_uuid())
          PLACING substring(int8send(floor(extract(epoch FROM clock_timestamp()) * 1000)::bigint) FROM 3)
          FROM 1 FOR 6
        ),
        52, 1
      ),
      53, 1
    ),
    'hex'
  )::uuid;
$$;

-- Usage as a default primary key
CREATE TABLE events (
  id uuid PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v7(),
  payload jsonb,
  created_at timestamptz DEFAULT now()
);

function extractTimestamp(uuid: string): Date {
  const hex = uuid.replace(/-/g, '')
  const ms = parseInt(hex.slice(0, 12), 16)  // first 48 bits = ms timestamp
  return new Date(ms)
}

const uid = '018e2b3d-1a2b-7000-8000-abc123456789'
console.log(extractTimestamp(uid).toISOString())
// → "2024-03-15T10:22:05.259Z"