字符串转义

// Escape a string with special characters
const raw = 'Line 1\nLine 2\tTabbed "quoted"';
const escaped = JSON.stringify(raw);
// → '"Line 1\\nLine 2\\tTabbed \\"quoted\\""'

// Unescape a JSON string value
const input = '"Hello\\nWorld"';
const unescaped = JSON.parse(input);
// → "Hello\nWorld" (actual newline character)

// Template literals don't need quote escaping
const tpl = `She said "hello"`;
// → 'She said "hello"' — no backslashes needed

// Escape for use inside a RegExp
const query = 'price: $5.00 (USD)';
const safe = query.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
// → "price: \\$5\\.00 \\(USD\\)"

# Escape with repr() — shows escape sequences
raw = "Line 1\nLine 2\t'quoted'"
print(repr(raw))
# → "Line 1\nLine 2\t'quoted'"

# Raw strings skip escape processing
path = r"C:\Users\name\Documents"
print(path)
# → C:\Users\name\Documents (backslashes kept literal)

# JSON escaping with json module
import json
data = 'He said "hello\nworld"'
escaped = json.dumps(data)
# → '"He said \\"hello\\nworld\\""'

# Unicode escaping
text = "Caf\u00e9"  # → "Café"
print(text.encode('unicode_escape').decode())
# → "Caf\\xe9"

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strconv"
    "encoding/json"
)

func main() {
    // strconv.Quote adds escape sequences and wraps in quotes
    raw := "Line 1\nLine 2\t\"quoted\""
    fmt.Println(strconv.Quote(raw))
    // → "\"Line 1\\nLine 2\\t\\\"quoted\\\"\""

    // strconv.Unquote reverses it
    unescaped, _ := strconv.Unquote(`"hello\nworld"`)
    fmt.Println(unescaped)
    // → hello
    //   world

    // JSON marshal handles escaping automatically
    b, _ := json.Marshal("tabs\there & \"quotes\"")
    fmt.Println(string(b))
    // → "tabs\there \u0026 \"quotes\""
}

# Use $'...' syntax for escape sequences in bash
echo $'Line 1\nLine 2\tTabbed'
# → Line 1
#    Line 2	Tabbed

# printf interprets escape sequences
printf 'Path: C:\\Users\\name\n'
# → Path: C:\Users\name

# Use jq to escape a string for JSON
echo 'He said "hello"' | jq -Rs .
# → "He said \"hello\"\n"

# Unescape JSON string with jq
echo '"Line 1\\nLine 2"' | jq -r .
# → Line 1
#    Line 2