JavaScript JWT 디코딩 atob & jose

const token = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c3JfOTIxZiIsInJvbGUiOiJhZG1pbiIsImlhdCI6MTcxMTYxMDAwMH0.dBjftJeZ4CVP-mB92K27uhbUJU1p1r_wW1gFWFOEjXk";

function decodeJwtPayload(jwt) {
  const base64Url = jwt.split(".")[1];
  const base64 = base64Url.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
  const padded = base64.padEnd(base64.length + (4 - (base64.length % 4)) % 4, "=");
  const binary = atob(padded);
  const bytes = Uint8Array.from(binary, ch => ch.charCodeAt(0));
  const json = new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(bytes);
  return JSON.parse(json);
}

console.log(decodeJwtPayload(token));
// { sub: "usr_921f", role: "admin", iat: 1711610000 }

function decodeBase64Url(segment) {
  const base64 = segment.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
  const padded = base64.padEnd(base64.length + (4 - (base64.length % 4)) % 4, "=");
  const binary = atob(padded);
  const bytes = Uint8Array.from(binary, ch => ch.charCodeAt(0));
  return new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(bytes);
}

function decodeJwt(token) {
  const [headerB64, payloadB64] = token.split(".");
  return {
    header: JSON.parse(decodeBase64Url(headerB64)),
    payload: JSON.parse(decodeBase64Url(payloadB64)),
  };
}

const { header, payload } = decodeJwt(token);
console.log("Algorithm:", header.alg);   // "HS256"
console.log("Subject:", payload.sub);     // "usr_921f"
console.log("Role:", payload.role);       // "admin"

// JWT 페이로드에 한국어 이름이 있는 경우 시뮬레이션
const payloadObj = {
  sub: "usr_e821",
  display_name: "김민준",
  team: "플랫폼 🚀",
  region: "ap-northeast-1"
};

// 인코딩: 객체 → JSON → UTF-8 바이트 → base64url
const jsonStr = JSON.stringify(payloadObj);
const utf8Bytes = new TextEncoder().encode(jsonStr);
const base64 = btoa(String.fromCharCode(...utf8Bytes))
  .replace(/\+/g, "-").replace(/\//g, "_").replace(/=+$/, "");

// 디코딩: base64url → base64 → 바이너리 문자열 → 바이트 → UTF-8 문자열
const base64Std = base64.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
const binary = atob(base64Std);
const bytes = Uint8Array.from(binary, c => c.charCodeAt(0));
const decoded = new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(bytes);
const result = JSON.parse(decoded);

console.log(result.display_name); // "김민준" — 올바름
console.log(result.team);         // "플랫폼 🚀" — 올바름

function decodeBase64UrlLegacy(segment) {
  const base64 = segment.replace(/-/g, "+").replace(/_/g, "/");
  const binary = atob(base64);
  // 각 문자를 %XX 16진수로 변환하면 decodeURIComponent가 UTF-8을 재조합
  const utf8 = decodeURIComponent(
    binary.split("").map(c =>
      "%" + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(2, "0")
    ).join("")
  );
  return utf8;
}

// TextDecoder 없이 ASCII가 아닌 클레임에서 작동
const payload = decodeBase64UrlLegacy(token.split(".")[1]);
console.log(JSON.parse(payload));

const token = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c3JfOTIxZiIsIm9yZyI6ImFjbWUtY29ycCIsInJvbGUiOiJiaWxsaW5nIiwiaWF0IjoxNzExNjEwMDAwfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c";

function decodeJwt(jwt) {
  const segments = jwt.split(".");
  return {
    header: JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[0], "base64url").toString("utf-8")),
    payload: JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8")),
  };
}

const { header, payload } = decodeJwt(token);
console.log(header);
// { alg: "HS256" }
console.log(payload);
// { sub: "usr_921f", org: "acme-corp", role: "billing", iat: 1711610000 }

function inspectToken(token) {
  const segments = token.split(".");
  if (segments.length !== 3) {
    throw new Error("유효한 JWT가 아닙니다 — 점으로 구분된 3개의 세그먼트가 필요합니다");
  }

  const header = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[0], "base64url").toString("utf-8"));
  const payload = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8"));

  const inspection = {
    algorithm: header.alg,
    tokenType: header.typ || "JWT",
    subject: payload.sub,
    issuer: payload.iss || "(설정되지 않음)",
    audience: payload.aud || "(설정되지 않음)",
    issuedAt: payload.iat ? new Date(payload.iat * 1000).toISOString() : "(설정되지 않음)",
    expiresAt: payload.exp ? new Date(payload.exp * 1000).toISOString() : "(만료 없음)",
    isExpired: payload.exp ? payload.exp < Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) : false,
    customClaims: Object.keys(payload).filter(
      k => !["sub", "iss", "aud", "iat", "exp", "nbf", "jti"].includes(k)
    ),
  };

  return inspection;
}

console.log(inspectToken(process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN));
// {
//   algorithm: "RS256",
//   tokenType: "JWT",
//   subject: "usr_921f",
//   issuer: "https://auth.internal",
//   audience: "billing-api",
//   issuedAt: "2026-03-10T14:00:00.000Z",
//   expiresAt: "2026-03-10T15:00:00.000Z",
//   isExpired: true,
//   customClaims: ["role", "scope", "org"]
// }

import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";

function decodeJwtFromFile(filePath) {
  const raw = readFileSync(filePath, "utf-8").trim();
  const segments = raw.split(".");

  if (segments.length !== 3) {
    throw new Error(`유효하지 않은 JWT: 3개의 세그먼트를 예상했지만 ${segments.length}개를 받았습니다`);
  }

  try {
    return {
      header: JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[0], "base64url").toString("utf-8")),
      payload: JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8")),
    };
  } catch (err) {
    throw new Error(`${filePath}에서 JWT 디코딩 실패: ${err.message}`);
  }
}

try {
  const { header, payload } = decodeJwtFromFile("./test-fixtures/access-token.txt");
  console.log("Algorithm:", header.alg);
  console.log("Expires:", new Date(payload.exp * 1000).toISOString());
} catch (err) {
  console.error(err.message);
}

async function fetchAndDecodeToken(loginUrl, credentials) {
  const response = await fetch(loginUrl, {
    method: "POST",
    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
    body: JSON.stringify(credentials),
  });

  if (!response.ok) {
    throw new Error(`로그인 실패: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
  }

  const { access_token } = await response.json();
  if (!access_token || access_token.split(".").length !== 3) {
    throw new Error("응답에 유효한 JWT가 포함되어 있지 않습니다");
  }

  const payload = access_token.split(".")[1];
  const json = Buffer.from(payload, "base64url").toString("utf-8");
  return JSON.parse(json);
}

// 사용법
try {
  const claims = await fetchAndDecodeToken(
    "https://auth.internal/oauth/token",
    { username: "deploy-bot", password: process.env.DEPLOY_TOKEN }
  );
  console.log("Token subject:", claims.sub);
  console.log("Token scopes:", claims.scope);
  console.log("Expires at:", new Date(claims.exp * 1000).toISOString());
} catch (err) {
  console.error("Token decode error:", err.message);
}

# Node.js 한 줄짜리로 JWT 페이로드 디코딩
echo "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c3JfOTIxZiIsInJvbGUiOiJhZG1pbiJ9.dBjftJeZ4CVP-mB92K27uhbUJU1p1r_wW1gFWFOEjXk" \
  | cut -d. -f2 \
  | node -e "process.stdin.on('data', d => console.log(JSON.parse(Buffer.from(d.toString().trim(), 'base64url').toString('utf-8'))))"

# jq로 파이프하여 예쁜 출력
echo "$JWT_TOKEN" | cut -d. -f2 \
  | node -e "process.stdin.on('data', d => process.stdout.write(Buffer.from(d.toString().trim(), 'base64url').toString('utf-8')))" \
  | jq .

# 헤더와 페이로드 모두 디코딩
echo "$JWT_TOKEN" | node -e "
  process.stdin.on('data', d => {
    const parts = d.toString().trim().split('.');
    console.log('Header:', JSON.parse(Buffer.from(parts[0], 'base64url').toString()));
    console.log('Payload:', JSON.parse(Buffer.from(parts[1], 'base64url').toString()));
  });
"

# 순수 bash: Node.js 없이 JWT 페이로드 디코딩
echo "$JWT_TOKEN" | cut -d. -f2 | tr '_-' '/+' | base64 -d 2>/dev/null | jq .

# macOS 변형 (base64 -D 대신 -d)
echo "$JWT_TOKEN" | cut -d. -f2 | tr '_-' '/+' | base64 -D 2>/dev/null | jq .

import * as jose from "jose";

const secret = new TextEncoder().encode("k8s-webhook-signing-secret-2026");
const token = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c3JfOTIxZiIsInNjb3BlIjoiYmlsbGluZzpyZWFkIiwiaWF0IjoxNzExNjEwMDAwLCJleHAiOjE3MTE2MTM2MDB9.abc123";

try {
  const { payload, protectedHeader } = await jose.jwtVerify(token, secret);
  console.log("Algorithm:", protectedHeader.alg); // "HS256"
  console.log("Subject:", payload.sub);            // "usr_921f"
  console.log("Scope:", payload.scope);            // "billing:read"
} catch (err) {
  if (err.code === "ERR_JWT_EXPIRED") {
    console.error("Token expired at:", err.payload.exp);
  } else {
    console.error("Verification failed:", err.message);
  }
}

import * as jose from "jose";

// ID 제공자에서 공개 키 셋 가져오기
const jwks = jose.createRemoteJWKSet(
  new URL("https://auth.internal/.well-known/jwks.json")
);

const token = req.headers.authorization?.split(" ")[1];
if (!token) {
  return res.status(401).json({ error: "Missing token" });
}

try {
  const { payload } = await jose.jwtVerify(token, jwks, {
    issuer: "https://auth.internal",
    audience: "billing-api",
  });
  // payload.sub, payload.scope 등이 이제 검증됨
  req.userId = payload.sub;
} catch (err) {
  return res.status(401).json({ error: "Invalid token" });
}

import * as jose from "jose";

// 디코딩 전용: 시크릿 불필요, 검증 없음
const payload = jose.decodeJwt(token);
console.log(payload.sub);   // "usr_921f"
console.log(payload.scope); // "billing:read"

const header = jose.decodeProtectedHeader(token);
console.log(header.alg);    // "HS256"
console.log(header.typ);    // "JWT"

// 검증 없이 만료 확인 (클라이언트 측 표시)
if (payload.exp && payload.exp < Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)) {
  console.log("토큰이 만료되었습니다 — 로그인 페이지로 리디렉션");
}

import chalk from "chalk";

function printJwt(token) {
  const segments = token.split(".");
  if (segments.length !== 3) {
    console.error(chalk.red("유효하지 않은 JWT: 3개의 세그먼트가 필요합니다"));
    return;
  }

  const header = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[0], "base64url").toString("utf-8"));
  const payload = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(segments[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8"));

  console.log(chalk.bold.cyan("\n=== JWT Header ==="));
  console.log(chalk.gray(JSON.stringify(header, null, 2)));

  console.log(chalk.bold.green("\n=== JWT Payload ==="));
  console.log(chalk.gray(JSON.stringify(payload, null, 2)));

  // 만료 상태 강조
  if (payload.exp) {
    const expiresAt = new Date(payload.exp * 1000);
    const isExpired = expiresAt < new Date();
    console.log(
      chalk.bold("\n만료:"),
      isExpired
        ? chalk.red(`만료됨: ${expiresAt.toISOString()}`)
        : chalk.green(`유효: ${expiresAt.toISOString()}까지`)
    );
  }

  console.log(chalk.dim("\nSignature: " + segments[2].substring(0, 20) + "..."));
}

printJwt(process.argv[2]);
// 실행: node jwt-debug.mjs "eyJhbGci..."

import { createReadStream } from "node:fs";
import { createInterface } from "node:readline";

async function scanLogsForExpiredTokens(logPath) {
  const fileStream = createReadStream(logPath, { encoding: "utf-8" });
  const rl = createInterface({ input: fileStream, crlfDelay: Infinity });

  let lineCount = 0;
  let expiredCount = 0;
  const nowSeconds = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);

  for await (const line of rl) {
    lineCount++;
    try {
      const entry = JSON.parse(line);
      if (!entry.authorization_token) continue;

      const segments = entry.authorization_token.split(".");
      if (segments.length !== 3) continue;

      const payload = JSON.parse(
        Buffer.from(segments[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8")
      );

      if (payload.exp && payload.exp < nowSeconds) {
        expiredCount++;
        const expDate = new Date(payload.exp * 1000).toISOString();
        console.log("Line " + lineCount + ": expired token for " + payload.sub + ", exp=" + expDate);
      }
    } catch {
      // 잘못된 형식의 줄 건너뜀
    }
  }

  console.log(`\n${lineCount}개 줄 스캔 완료, ${expiredCount}개 만료 토큰 발견`);
}

scanLogsForExpiredTokens("./logs/api-access-2026-03.ndjson");

import { createReadStream } from "node:fs";
import { createInterface } from "node:readline";

async function extractUniqueSubjects(logPath) {
  const rl = createInterface({
    input: createReadStream(logPath, { encoding: "utf-8" }),
    crlfDelay: Infinity,
  });

  const subjects = new Set();
  const jwtRegex = /eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]+\.eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]+\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]+/g;

  for await (const line of rl) {
    const matches = line.match(jwtRegex);
    if (!matches) continue;

    for (const token of matches) {
      try {
        const payload = JSON.parse(
          Buffer.from(token.split(".")[1], "base64url").toString("utf-8")
        );
        if (payload.sub) subjects.add(payload.sub);
      } catch {
        // 유효한 JWT가 아님
      }
    }
  }

  console.log(`${subjects.size}개의 고유 주체 발견:`);
  for (const sub of subjects) console.log(`  ${sub}`);
}

extractUniqueSubjects("./logs/gateway-2026-03.log");